Which of the following is not one of the layers of the alveolar process?

The alveolar process consists of several key components that support the teeth in the jaw. These components include the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. The alveolar bone provides the structural support and houses the tooth sockets, while cementum covers the root surface of the teeth and helps anchor the periodontal ligament to the tooth. The periodontal ligament, in turn, connects the tooth to the alveolar bone and plays a significant role in tooth stability and the health of the periodontium.

The ramus, which is a part of the mandible, does not make up a layer of the alveolar process. Rather, it is an anatomical section of the jawbone that supports the muscles of mastication and connects the vertical and horizontal aspects of the mandible. Therefore, it is not involved in the structure or function of the alveolar process itself, making it the correct answer as it is not one of the layers associated with the alveolar process supporting the teeth.