What role does calculus play in periodontal disease?

Calculus plays a significant role in periodontal disease because it serves as a rough surface that facilitates the accumulation of bacterial plaque. Once plaque forms on the tooth surface, it can harden into calculus (also known as tartar), making it more difficult to remove. The presence of calculus provides a niche where bacteria can thrive, leading to increased inflammation of the gums and progression of periodontal disease if not effectively managed. This chronic inflammatory response can gradually result in the breakdown of periodontal tissues, including the supporting bone structures around the teeth. Therefore, the relationship between calculus and the development and progression of periodontal disease is well established, as calculus exacerbates the conditions that foster plaque buildup and subsequent inflammation.