What is the purpose of scaling and root planing in periodontal therapy?

Scaling and root planing is a fundamental procedure in periodontal therapy aimed primarily at the removal of plaque, tartar, and bacterial toxins from the tooth surfaces, especially beneath the gum line. This process is crucial in treating and preventing periodontal disease, as the accumulation of these substances leads to inflammation and infection of the gums.

During scaling, the clinician removes calculus (hardened plaque) from the surfaces of the teeth and their roots, which is essential to reduce the bacterial load in the periodontal pockets. Root planing smooths the root surfaces, helping to promote healing of the gum tissue and improving the overall periodontal health. This thorough cleaning facilitates reattachment of the gum tissue to the teeth and reduces pocket depths, which is critical in managing periodontal issues effectively.

Other options, like whitening teeth or improving alignment, do not pertain to the therapeutic intentions of scaling and root planing. Additionally, while enhancing gum color might be a secondary benefit as the health of the gums improves, it is not the primary purpose of this technique. The focus is firmly on the removal of plaque and toxins to restore and maintain periodontal health.