What is the first stage of periodontal disease progression?

Gingivitis is recognized as the first stage of periodontal disease progression. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the gums, often resulting from plaque accumulation on the teeth. In this initial stage, the gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily, but there is usually no loss of bone structure or attachment to the teeth. It is a reversible condition, meaning that with proper oral hygiene and professional care, gums can return to a healthy state.

Progressing beyond gingivitis, slight periodontitis introduces deeper tissue involvement, moderate periodontitis further complicates the situation with more significant attachment loss and bone loss, and advanced periodontitis reflects a severe stage with substantial destruction of periodontal tissues. Thus, gingivitis serves as a critical early indicator of potential periodontal disease and highlights the importance of timely intervention to prevent further complications.