What is a significant risk factor for developing periodontal disease?

Smoking and tobacco use is widely recognized as a significant risk factor for developing periodontal disease. The harmful substances in tobacco can impair the immune system's ability to fight off infections, including those affecting the gums and surrounding tissues. Additionally, smoking reduces blood flow to the gums, which can hinder healing and increase the susceptibility to gum disease. Research consistently shows a strong association between tobacco use and the severity of periodontal disease, highlighting how smokers are more likely to experience advanced periodontitis compared to non-smokers.

In contrast, high intake of carbohydrates may have an indirect effect on periodontal disease due to its potential to increase plaque formation, but it is not as definitive a risk factor as smoking. Regular dental check-ups are preventive measures that help catch periodontal issues early, and a low sugar diet is generally protective against dental caries and can contribute to better oral health, which may help in reducing the risk of gum disease.