What happens to the periodontal ligament during orthodontic treatment?

During orthodontic treatment, the periodontal ligament undergoes a process of remodeling in response to the applied pressure from braces or other orthodontic devices. This remodeling is crucial because the force exerted on the teeth causes a biological response that facilitates the movement of teeth through the jawbone.

When pressure is applied to the periodontal ligament on one side of the tooth, it compresses, stimulating the activity of osteoclasts that resorb bone in that area. Meanwhile, on the opposite side, where tension is applied, the periodontal ligament stretches, leading to the activation of osteoblasts that build new bone. This continuous cycle of resorption and deposition is essential for allowing teeth to move into their desired positions effectively and safely. The ability of the periodontal ligament to remodel therefore plays a vital role in the orthodontic process, distinguishing it from the other options presented.