How does stress affect periodontal health?

Stress negatively impacts periodontal health primarily by compromising the immune response. When an individual experiences stress, the body releases stress hormones like cortisol, which can weaken the immune system. A diminished immune response means that the body is less able to fight off infections and manage inflammation effectively.

This weakened immune function can lead to increased periodontal inflammation and a higher risk of periodontal disease. The inflammation associated with stress contributes to the breakdown of the connective tissue and bone that support the teeth. Therefore, individuals under significant stress may experience exacerbation of periodontal issues, as the body struggles to maintain oral health against bacterial infections that can lead to conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately represent the effects of stress on periodontal health. The notion that stress improves immune response and reduces inflammation or leads to stronger bone structure is inconsistent with recognized findings in the field. Additionally, stating that stress has no effect on dental health overlooks the well-documented relationship between psychological factors and oral health outcomes.