How does gingivitis differ from periodontitis?

Gingivitis and periodontitis are both forms of periodontal disease, but they differ mainly in their severity and the biological consequences they have on the supporting structures of the teeth. The correct answer highlights that gingivitis is characterized specifically by inflammation of the gums without any loss of attachment or supporting structures, while periodontitis entails that inflammation has progressed to the point where there is measurable loss of attachment.

In gingivitis, the redness and swelling of the gums often occur due to the accumulation of plaque and bacterial toxins, but the underlying bone and connective tissues remain intact. This condition is usually reversible with proper oral hygiene and treatment. Periodontitis, on the other hand, signifies a more advanced stage of periodontal disease, where the inflammation causes destruction of the connective tissue and supporting bone, leading to attachment loss and periodontal pockets.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in periodontal practice.