How do the free gingiva and attached gingiva differ?

The distinction between free gingiva and attached gingiva is primarily based on their mobility and location within the periodontal tissues. Free gingiva, also known as marginal gingiva, is the portion of gingiva that is not directly attached to the underlying alveolar bone and has a more mobile characteristic. It forms the unattached edge around the tooth, which can move slightly in response to the movement of the tooth or the surrounding tissues.

In contrast, attached gingiva is firmly bonded to the underlying alveolar bone and the cementum of the teeth, making it less mobile. Its main function is to provide a stable support structure for the gingiva and contribute to the overall health of the periodontium. The attached gingiva allows for normal oral functions such as chewing without detachment, thanks to its fixed nature.

This fundamental difference in mobility between free gingiva and attached gingiva is important for understanding their roles in periodontal health and disease. For instance, conditions that cause recession can affect the free gingiva more than the attached gingiva due to its mobile nature, emphasizing the need to maintain both types of gingiva for optimal dental health.