How can stress negatively affect periodontal health?

Stress can negatively impact periodontal health primarily through its potential to increase inflammation in the body. When a person is under stress, their body often responds by producing higher levels of stress hormones like cortisol. Elevated cortisol levels can lead to a range of physiological changes, including a weakened immune response and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This heightened inflammatory response can exacerbate existing periodontal disease or contribute to the development of new periodontal issues. Specifically, inflammation in the gums can lead to symptoms like redness, swelling, and bleeding, which are characteristic of periodontitis.

By contrast, the other choices do not align with the established understanding of the relationship between stress and periodontal health. Stress does not enhance immune function or improve overall dental health, and it has been shown to negatively impact oral hygiene practices due to factors such as neglect or changes in behavior during stressful times.